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Gift Basket Diplomacy
Gift Basket Diplomacy is an approach to multilateral negotiation aimed at pushing forward progress on a particular issue without the requirement of consensus. The policy is most often seen in United Nations style diplomatic meetings where a particular group of countries wishes to take action or make a joint statement but is unable to do so without the consensus of all parties involved. Gift Basket Diplomacy fundamentally is collective action agreed by smaller groups of participants that goes beyond the lowest common denominator consensus that larger groups often reach in large multilateral fora. The United States first introduced Gift Basket Diplomacy in 2011 during the Nuclear Security Summit preparation process and more than 30 countries participated in fourteen Gift Basket statements at the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul.〔U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University, (), “Nuclear Security: Seoul, The Netherlands, and Beyond”, 2013〕
== Introduction ==
Gift Basket Diplomacy is an attempt to solve the "lowest common denominator" problem of multilateral diplomacy. In United Nations style fora when countries issue a communiqué, or statement about their activities, a common process is for all countries to agree in consensus to the precise wording of a document or some output that characterizes their discussion. For issues with large numbers of countries, it becomes difficult to build complete consensus on a document without most countries having to give up much of the language they had proposed. This process leads to a series of scaled-back drafts where countries adjust their language to ever weaker positions in order to negotiate consensus. It is not uncommon for countries to be disappointed in a final communiqué because they had to discard much of their language in order to appease other countries with significantly opposing views. The result often is a communiqué document with heavily caveated with hedged language that provides ample wiggle room so that participants can justify not following through on commitments.
Gift Basket Diplomacy attempts to circumvent the need for consensus by seeking out like-minded parties who support similar language in a document and agreeing among these smaller groups to particular language or negotiating position.〔The Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, (), “Fact Sheet: 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit”, retrieved 10 March 2014〕 These smaller groups often more quickly finalize negotiations amongst themselves and issue a joint statement on their own without the consensus or agreement of the larger group. The result usually is much stronger language or pledges for more concrete action with fewer caveats.〔U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University, (), “Nuclear Security: Seoul, The Netherlands, and Beyond”, 2013〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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